CHAP. VIII.—FROM A.D. 1216 TO A.D. 1225. PAOK Henry the Third succeeds to the throne—The English defeat the French, who support the claim of Louis—Peace is made, and Louis quits the kingdom—Pope Innocent dies—The siege of Damietta— Persecution of the Albigenses — The princess Johanna marries Alexander, king of Scotland—Quarrels break out again between the king and the barons—Death of Baldwin, emperor of Constantinople · 129 CHAP. IX.—FROM A.D. 1226 το A.D. 1232. Louis of France persecutes the Albigenses—The pope excommunicates ' "f the emperor—War between the pope and emperor—The pilgrims are allowed free access to Jerusalem—The duke of Saxony takes refuge in England—Hubert de Burgh loses the king's favour . 148 CHAP. X—FROH A.D. 1233 το A.D. 1239. Disputes between the king and some of the bishops—Discontent of some of the nobles—Death of the earl of Pembroke in Ireland— The pope Gregory preaches a new crusade—Henry marries Eleanor of Provence—He summons a council of his nobles—They grant him money—Cordova is recovered from the Saracens—Quarrels between the scholars of Oxford and Rome—Baldwin, emperor of Constantinople, comes to England—Birth of Edward the First— The emperor Frederic is excommunicated 168 CHAP. XL—FROM A.D. 1240 το A.D. 1243. Leoline, prince of North Wales, dies—His succession is disputed by his sons—Many knights leave England for the Holy Land, under prince Richard —Peace between the Christians and' Saracens — King Henry invades Wales—Great disturbances in France—The king of France proposes terms of peace to Henry, who refuses them—Great quarrels between the emperor and the pope ; between the kings of England and Scotland ; and between the Welch and English . 192 CHAP. XII.—FROM A.D. 1244 το A.D. 1245. Wars between the Welch and English—The Templars send reinforcements to the Holy Land—Disputes with the pope—A council is held at Lyons—The pope again excommunicates and deposes the emperor 238 CHAP. XIII.—FROM A.D. 1246 το AJ. 1247. Discontent in England at the exactions of the pope—Death of David, prince of Wales—The war for the empire, between Conrad and the · landgrave, continues—The king of France refuses to permit the pope to enter France—Edmund, archbishop of Canterbury, is canonized—Confederacy of the French nobles against the pope—The church of England addresses complaints to the pope, but grants him money—The landgrave dies—Frederic makes the Sicilians, &c, do homage to his son Henry—William of Holland is elected emperor, in opposition to Conrad—The king's half-brothers come to England—Many English nobles assume the cross 258