CHAP. XIV FROM A.D. 1248 το A.D. 1250. PAO» Increased discontent of the English barons—Siege of Parma—The king of France sets oat for the Holy Land—William of Holland is crowned king of Germany—The earl of Leicester is sent to Guienne —The war between Frederic and the pope continues—Louis, king of France, is taken prisoner by the Saracens—The number of monkish orders increases in England—A summary of the events of the last fifty years . . . . · . . . . 292 CHAP. XV.—FROM A.D. 1251 το A.D. 1254. Frederic dies—Alexander, king of Scotland, marries Margaret of England—Alfbnzo, king of Spain, dies—The Jews are banished from France—The citizens of Bourdeaux invite king Henry into France—He goes thither, leaving Edward regent of the kingdom-— Gaston de Biarde attacks Bayonne—A great battle is fought between the French and Germans, on the borders of Flanders—Prince Edward marries Eleanor, princess of Spain—War between the pope and Conrad, son of Frederic 317 CHAP. XVI.—FROM A.D. 1255 το A.D. 1258. Great exactions of the king—Thefirst elephant is brought to England—War between the pope and Manfred—Complaints are made of the violation of Magna Charta—The earl of Cornwall is crowned king of the Romans—The Poitevins are expelled from England . 345 CHAP. XVII.—FROM A-D. 1259 το A.D. 1260. Négociations between Henry and the king of Scotland—The empire is offered to the king of Germany—Conference between the kings of England and France—War between the English and Welch— A treaty is made between Henry and Lome, by which Henry gives up Normandy—Henry quarrels with, and is afterwards reconciled to prince Edward—Bad news from the Holy Land, in consequence of the invasion of the Tartars—Meeting of the kings of England, France, and Scotland, at Paris 358 CHAP. XVIII.—FROM A.D. 1261 το A.D. 1263. Henry violates the provisions of Oxford—The pope is afraid of an invasion of the Tartars—Prince Edward espouses the cause of the barons—The earl of Leicester forms a confederacy against the king—Prince Edward invades Wales—Treaty between the king and the barons—The civil war breaks out again, and is continued with greatfierceness—The quarrel is submitted to Louis of France, who decides in favour of the king 390 CHAP. XIX.—FROM A.D. 1264 το A.D. 1265. The barons are defeated at Northampton—The battle of Lewes— The king of Germany and prince Edward are given as hostages for peace—The battle of Evesham—A recapitulation of the events of the civil war . 412