CHAP. IV.—FROM A.D. 1136 το AJ. 1154. pAas Louie the Gross dies—The emperor Lothaire dies—The Scots invade England—The empress Matilda comes to England—London is surrendered to her—War between her and Stephen—Conrad, the * emperor, and Louis, king of France, go to Jerusalem—Geoffrey of I Anjou gives up Normandy to his son Henry — Henry marries Eleanor—Peace made between Stephen and Matilda and Henry— Stephen dies, and Henry comes to England 4 4 CHAP. V.—FROM A.D. 1156 το A.D. 1189. Frederic is elected emperor—Henry prepares to invade Ireland— Henry subdues Wales—Wars between England and Scotland—A new coinage is issued in England—Thomas à Becket is made archbishop—Malcolm of Scotland does homage to Henry—The council of Clarendon—Slaughter of the Christians in the Holy Land— Quarrels between Henry and Becket—Henry has his eldest son ; enry crowned—Sedition of the younger Henry—Death of Becket —He is canonized—Henry invades Ireland, and is acknowledged king of the country—William, king of Scotland, does homage to Henry—Henry visits the tomb of Becket—Lome of France comes to England for the same purpose-^-Philip Augustus succeeds to the throne of France—Story of Prester John—Prince Henry dies —The Saracens invade Spain—Saladin makes himself master of the Holy Land—Philip Augustus, Henry, and the emperor Frederic assume the cross—Quarrels between Henry and his sons— Death of Henry . 5 3 CHAP. VI.—FROM A.D. 1189 το A.D. 1199. Richard succeeds to the throne—Progress of the war in the Holy Land—Richard's liberality to his relations—He appoints Arthur his heir—He, with the king of France, sets out to join the crusade —Aere is taken—Exploits of Richard—Richard returns from the Holy Land, and is taken prisoner—The pope interferes for his release—He returns to England—Fulk preaches to Richard—Otho becomes emperor—Death of Richard 7 8 CHAP. VII.—FROM A.D. 1199 το A.D. 1216. John succeeds to the throne—Many of the nobles adhere to Arthur— Marriage of John—The king of France espouses the cause of Ar thur—Death of Arthur—Inactivity of John, and his losses in France '—The emperor Otho comes to England—Rapacity of John—The pope lays England under an interdict—John makes a treaty with the king of Scotland—The pope absolves the English from their obedience to John—John subdues North Wales—The king of France prepares to invade England—John submits to the pope- Magna Charta is granted—The barons elect Louis of France king, and invite him toEngland—Louis invades England—Death of fc John . . , « , 94