the dukedom of Normandy—that being the form of inresture—by the Archbishop of Rouen, in the presence of the prelates and barons of Normandy." Having firmly established his sovereignty in his continental possessions, Cœur de Lion landed at Portsmouth on the thirteenth of August, 1189, and immediately proceeded to Winchester, where, after fondly greeting his mother, he ordered into his presence the offending royal treasurer, Ranulph de Gianville, and received from him so good an account of the treasure in the secret vaults at Winchester — nine hundred thousand pounds, besides plate and jewels —that he, at the intercession of Eleanora, restored him to liberty and royal confidence. After fixing a dower on his affectionate mother, the largest that had ever been given to a Queen Dowager of England, Richard the First was solemnly crowned on the third of September, 1189. This coronation is remarkable for its being the first which the chroniclers have minutely detailed. Haveden and Diceto, both eye-witnesses, tell us—" The Archbishops of Canterbury, and of Rouen and Triers—who came over with the King— with the Bishop of Dublin and other bishops and abbots in rich capes, and having the cross, holy water, and censers carried before them, received Cœur de Lion at the door of his privy chamber, and conducted him with a solemn procession to the abbey church of Westminster. In the middle of the bishops and clergy went four barons, each carrying a golden candlestick with a taper, after whom came Geoffrey de Lucy, bearing the royal cap, and John de Marshal next with a massive pair of gold spurs, then William, Earl of Pembroke, with the royal sceptre, after him William Fitzpatrick, Earl of Salisbury, with a golden rod, having a dove on the top, then three other earls, David, brother to the King of Scotland, as Earl of Huntingdon, Prince John, Earl of Lancaster and Derby, with Robert, Earl of Leicester, each bearing a sword upright, the seabbards richly adorned with gold, after them six earls and barons bearing a checkered table, on which were laid the royal robes and other regalia, then came William Mandevil, Earl of Albemarle and Essex, bearing a large crown of gold set with precious stones, then Cœur de Lion himself—between the Bishops of Durham and Bath, over whom a canopy of state was borne by four barons, then followed a numerous train of earls, barons, knights and others. " In this order the coronation procession entered the church, where, before the high altar, Cœur de Lion solemnly swore on the Evangelists and the relics of saints, that he would observe peace, honour, and reverence to Almighty God, his church, and her ministers, all the days of his life, that he would exercise upright justice and equity to the people committed to his charge, and that he would abrogate and disannul all evil laws and wrongful customs, and make, keep, and sincerely maintain those that were good and laudable. " Then thev put off all his garments from his middle upwards except his shirt, which was open on the shoulders, and put on his shoes, which were of gold tissue, and the Archbishop anointed hira on the head, the breast, and the arms, then covering his head with a linen cloth he set the cap thereon, which Geoffrey de Lucy carried ; and when he had put on his waistcoat, and on that his upper garment, the Archbishop delivered to him the sword of the kingdom, whieh done, two earls put on his spurs, and he was led with the royal mantle hung on him to the altar, where the Archbishop charged him, on God's behalf, not to presume to take upon him this dignity, except he resolved inviolably to keep the vows and oaths he had just then made. To which the king answered, that by God's grace be would faithfully perform them all. Then the crown was taken from beside the altar, and given to the Archbishop, who set it upon the King's head, delivering the sceptre into his right hand, and the rodroyalintohis left. Thuscrowned, he was brought back to his throne with the same solemnity as before. Then mass begun, and when they came to the offertory, the King was led by the Bishops of Durham and Bath to the altar, where he offered a mark of pure gold, as his pre