endure. For who can do other than grieve for the slaughter of so many of the Saints, so many sacred houses of the Lord profaned, princes led captive, dwellings destroyed, and nobles hurled at the feet of slaves ? And yet these things shall not escape the eyes of Him who beholds them. The Lord, looking on, has beheld the woes of our race, has heard the groans of this innocent people, and has descended to crush the head of the serpent. For the God of the Hebrews has aroused the Christian princes and their knights to avenge the blood of his Saints, and to succour the sons of the slain. The illustrious king of England and the king of the Franks are onward marching with many thousand men-at-arms. 'Tis a glorious sight to behold the band of senators with the arms of justice and with the worshippers of God.5 4 'Tis more pleasing still to hear of Frederic, lord of the empire of Rome, joining them in war against the enemies of the Cross, that he may restore his country to its ancient glory. The Cross going before, they march on towards the East, and all the West they lead on with them. An army they lead that differs in language, rites, manners, and customs, but fervent in the faith. That they may return victorious, let us offer up our prayers to God ; that so, entering Jerusalem, they may root out from the midst of the earth the Canaanite, and expel the Jebusite, and so bear away the palm of Christian prowess." While Richard, king of England, was staying at Marseilles there came to him the messengers of Hugh, bishop of Durham and, on hearing from him the injuries which the before-named chancellor had inflicted on him, the king ordered the earldom of Northumberland and the manor of Sedbergh to be delivered to the bishop of Durham ; relative to which, the king gave him his charter to the following effect :— 55 Another Charter of Richard, king of Enghnd, as to the con vegance of Sedbergh to Hugh, the lord bishop of Durham. " Richard, by the grace of God, king of England, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and earl of Anjou, to the archbishops, bishops, abbats, earls, barons, sheriffs, and all his servants and faithful people throughout the whole of England, greeting. Know ye that we have given to God, and to Saint Cuthbert and the church of Durham, and to Hugh, the bishop, 5 4 " Deorum," " of the Gods," seems to he used instead of " Dei," a suiting the rhyme. It may possibly allude to the Trinity. 5 5 See p. 120.