arms, Bretons and companions towards the king of Arragon, who had much affe&on for him, and who received him with great joy. He paled there the whole winter : when new treaties were entered into between them, to carry on the war againft don Pedro. The Bretons, who were his adherents, had already made incurfions into Spain, in the name of king Henry : they were commanded by fir Arnold de Limoufm, fir Geoffry Ricons and fir Pons do LakoneL on theiiibjects of their domain, thofe barons who were bound to ierve them In their wars laid it on their valais. Accord-ing to a regulation of St. Louis, the parifhes elected thirty or forty men, who from among themfeives chofe twelve that were appointed to apportion this tax ; and they fwore on the Gofpels, neither to favor nor injure any one through love or hatred. Thefe twelve men elected in their turn four who |«rere appointed to raife this tax. • The Aide was a tax which the principal barons levied in money from their valais. There were two forts of aides,-~ • l'aide legitime, ' which was rigoioufly exacted in certain in* Éances, fuch as the ranfom of the lord, the marriage of the elded daughter, the knighthood of the fon, the acctflion of the prefumptive heir to the eftate. From this aide, the clergy were not exempted. * The other was called * f aide gracieux.* It was demand* ed as a gift in certain cafes, and depended on the will of the inferior. It was granted when the lord went croifading to Paleftine,—when he himfelf, or his brother, was armed knight,—when he married his fitter or younger children,— when he built or repaired any caftle,—when he was at war XOF the defence of his lands. This voluntary tax was not long before it became a forced one.' Introduction to M. Levcfque's Hift. of France under the firft five Valois, vol. !• pp. 325, &c» Wfx 33^