times tinned to prevent rust, as is shown in one of the Dover Castle Inventories of 1361 :—' xiii basynetz tinez.' Sometimes, in the case of Royalty or princes of rank, the bascinet was encircled with a fillet or crown of gold and gems. Among the payments of Etienne de Fontaine, in 1352, are mentioned 110 crowns for ' quarente grosses perles pour garnir le courroye du basinet de Monsieur le Dauphin'. The Orle, or wreath worn turban-wise round the bascinet, is sometimes shown, as on Fig. 22, of a decorative nature. It is supposed by some writers to have been devised to take the pressure of the great helm from the head, for the helm was often worn, as in the preceding century, over a lighter headpiece. From the usual position of the orle, however, and from the fact that it is invariably shown highly decorated and jewelled, this explanation can hardly hold good, for a padding worn as shown in the illustration would not be of much service in keeping off the pressure of the helm, and of course the jewelled decoration would be FIG. 22. The Orle, destroyed at once. Another theory is that the from the monument of orle was made by wrapping the Lambrequin ^^j^^'^0™9" or Mantling—which hung from the back of the ^0^' helmet and which is still used in heraldic drawings—much in the same manner as the modern puggaree is worn in India. In this illustration appears also the gorget of plate that was worn over the throat and chin with the bascinet. The shields of the fourteenth century present an infinite variety in shape and decoration. The heraldic blazoning has by this time been systematized into somewhat of a science, which in Germany especially was carried to extravagant extremes. The long kite-shaped shield is to be found in records of the period, but the more common forms were the short pointed shield as shown on Plate III, and that which was rounded at the lower edge. Frequently the shield is represented as 'bouché', or notched, at the top right-hand corner, to enable the wearer to point his lance through this opening CHAP, π THE TRANSITION PERIOD 45