bad to spare at Beyrout, where he built a theatre, and collected a gallery of sculptures. But he conceded some thing to his petitioners, and allowed them to pave the city with stone. Albinus disappears from the history, and Gessius Florus, who exchanged a scourging with whips for a scourging with scorpions, ruled in his place. Cestius Gallus, a man of equal rapacity with himself, ruled in Syria. One cannot read Josephus without, in the first place, suspecting that he wilfully exaggerates the wickedness of the Boman rulers ; that he does so in the case of Albinus is clear, as we have shown from comparing the account given in the ' Antiquities ' with that given in the 'Wars.' But even if he only exaggerates, and making allowance for this, were men of special inhumanity and rapacity chosen for those very qualities to rule the country ? And if not, if Gessius Florus and Albinus be fair specimens of the officers by whom Borne ruled her provinces and colonies, by what mysterious power was this vast empire kept from universal revolt ? " Upon what meat had this their Cœsar fed, That he was grown so great ?" The Jews, however, were not the people to brook illtreatment ; and when they took arms against the Bomans it was not as if their case seemed to themselves hopeless. They Lad, it is true, the western world against them ; but they had the eastern world behind them, a possible place of refuge. And though they armed against the whole Boman Empire, it must be remembered that the forces at the command of the Emperor were not overwhelming; that they were spread over Africa, Egypt, Spain, Gaul, Britain, Greece, and Italy ; that only a certain number could be spared; and that the number of the Jews in Syria amounted probably to several millions. When Cestius Gallus was in Jerusalem at the time of the Pass