rests upon five columns — confession of the Unity of God, the regular performance of prayer, payment of the tithe in charity, the fast of a month of Ramadan (the ninth month in the Mohammedan calendar), and pilgrimage to the Holy House of God (Mecca). There could be no evasion of any of these — least of all for Saladin, who practiced all with overflowing measure, though circumstances prevented his making the much desired pilgrimage. There is an incident in the life of the Caliph Hasan which illustrates how fundamentally the Koran governed the faithful. A slave, guilty of an act punishable by death, throws himself at the feet of his master, with this quotation from the Holy Book: " Paradise is for those who control their anger." " I am not angry," says the Caliph. "And for those who pardon misdeeds," adds the suppliant. " I pardon yours," says Hasan. " God loves particularly those who do good to those who have offended them," says the slave, growing bolder. " Since that is so," says the Caliph, " I give you your liberty and four hundred drachms of silver." That might well have been Saladin, whose life teems with incidents proclaiming the devotee, for whom the facts of this life have little importance compared with the hereafter. With boundless faith in the efficacy of prayer, and convinced of the intervention of the Deity in the affairs of man, he is seen repeatedly turning to