ning away through a bad conscience and through despair of the goodness of his cause. For he, an author of wickedness, hated the light of truth, and could not endure our approach for the purposes of a conference, having totally devoted himself to works of darkness. However, we arrived at a certain fortress of his, extremely well fortified, which, appropriately and singularly, the inhabitants called by the name of the Castle. Here lived his wife, attended with a large retinue of knights and a very extensive household. Nearly all the inhabitants of this eastle were either heretics or abettors of the heretics, although being held in check by the sole might of the Lord, they presumed not even to whisper anything against the faith which we preached. For, although we were placed in their hands, and were fettered as it were by being in their power, being surrounded by multitudes of heretics on every side, still, the word of the Lord was not checked, so as to prevent us from attacking them in repeated censures and reproaches. And when we saw that they did not dare to make any answer whatever, we adjudged the said Koger to be a traitor, a heretic, and a perjurer for having violated the safety of the bishop, and boldly, in the name of Christ, pronounced him to have departed from the faith, and to be condemned, as by a public excommunication, in behalf of our lord the pope and the before-named kings, in presence of his wife and his knights. Behold, how evident it is that from henceforth a wide door is thrown open to Christian princes for them to avenge the injuries of Christ, and to make the wilderness, as it were, the garden of the Lord, and the desert the delights of paradise. Moreover, that it may not be alleged that little or nothing could be done against them, Be it known to all, that it was the general opinion in the city of Toulouse that if this visitation had been delayed for the space of three years, there would have been hardly found one person in it who called upon the name of Christ. In addition to aB this, the said earl of Saint Gilles has confirmed by oath, before the people of the city, that, from this time forward, he will neither, for gift or entreaty, show favour to the heretics." In the same year, the king of England, the father, crossed over from Normandyto England, and at Woodstock knighted his son Geoffrey, earl of Brittany ; who, immediately upon receiving the rank of a knight, passed over from England