148 AJiXAXS OF ROGER DE HOVEDEN. A.D. 10/0. In the same year, a great synod -was held at "Winchester, on the octave of Easter, by command of king William, who was there present; it was also sanctioned by our lord Alexander, the pope, who gave the authority of the Apostolic See thereto, through his legates, Hermenfred, bishop of Sion, and the cardinal priests, John and Peter. At this synod Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, was deprived of his archbishopric on three grounds, namely ; because he had wrongfully held the bishopric of Winchester together with the archbishopric ; because, in the lifetime of archbishop Robert, he had not only held the archbishopric, but even for some time, at the celebration of the mass, had made use of his pall whieh remained at Canterbury, when he himself had been violently and unjustly expelled from England ; and because he had received the pall from Benedict, who had been excommunicated by the holy Church of Borne, for having gained the papacy by means of bribery. His brother Agelmar, the bishop of East Anglia,42 was also deprived there, as were also some abbats ; all which was done by the agency of the king, in order that as many of the English as possible might be deprived of their honors ; in whose place he might appoint persons of his own nation, for the purpose of strengthening his possession of the kingdom which he had recently acquired. For this reason, also, he deprived of their honors certain bishops and abbats, whom, as no evident reason existed, neither sjnods nor secular laws condemned ; and, placing them in confinement, kept them there to the end of their Bvcs, being merely influenced, as already mentioned, by suspicion on account of the kingdom he had newly acquired. At this synod, also, while the rest, being sensible of the king's feelings, were afraid lest they should bo deprived of their dignities, the venerable man, Wulstan, bishop of Worcester, resolutely demanded restoration of a considerable quantity of property belonging to his see which had been retained in his possession by archbishop Aldred, when he was removed from the see of Worcester to that of York, and which, after his death, had come into the king's hands ; and both asked for justice to be done by those who presided over the synod, and demanded it of the king. But the church of York, as it then had no pastor to speak for it, was dumb ; judgment was n Bishop of Helmham, in Norfolk.