always before a battle he could be seen riding calmly between the armies, surveying the field. Although a target for the enemy's sharpshooters, he was apparently oblivious of all danger. " In the height of the fighting he used to pass between the two lines of battle. . · . He would make his way in front of his own troops from the right wing to the left, intent on the marshalling of his battalions, calling them up to the front, and stationing them in positions which he deemed advantageous. . . ." That required a steadfast heart, too, but it was not so theatric nor so picturesque. Otherwise the methods of the two commanders are also dissimilar. Richard is forever in the forefront of battle, the actual leader of his troops, and his sword is red with the blood of his foes, whereas Saladin only fights in person when he has to lead a forlorn hope. His is more the attitude of the modern commander, organizer and director of others, watchful of the changing fortunes of the battle and ever alert to throw his forces where they will have the most telling effect. After the campaign was ended he expressed his opinion of Richard's headlong rashness to the Bishop of Salisbury in these words : "He often incurs unnecessary danger and is too prodigal of his life. Now I, for my part, however great a King I might be, would much rather be gifted with wisdom and moderation than with boldness and immoderation." It was this same bishop, a man of high reputation