126 ROGER OF WENDOVER. [A.D. 1193. these tortures to tell them how the matter stood. The magistrates immediately sent word to the duke, and sur rounded the king's house, insultingly ordering him to give himself up quietly ; the king, however, undismayed by their tumultuous shouts, and seeing that even his prowess eould be of no avail against such a number of barbarians, ordered the duke to be fetched, promising to give himself up to him alone ; and on the latter coming up, he surrendered himself with his sword. The duke, delighted at this, took the king with him in an honourable way, but afterwards delivered him to the custody of his soldiers, with orders that they were to keep a most strict guard over him, with drawn swords day and night. Now, it must not be considered that this dreadful misfortune came to pass without the decree of the Almighty, although it is not revealed to us; whether it was to punish the king's own errors in his youth, or to punish the faults of his subjects, or that even the said king might be recalled to repentance and a just atonement for his crime, in having, by the assistance and advice of the French king, besieged his father in the flesh, king Henry, when ill in his bed, at the city of Maine; for although he did not slay him with his sword, yet, by frequent attacks he forced him to leave that place, and it cannot be doubted but that all these circumstances were the cause of his death. In this year too, Savary, lrchdeacon of Northampton, was elected ' bishop of Bath ; he then went to Rome, and was there ordained a priest, and on the 19th of September he received consecration from Alban bishop of Albano. How the duke of Austria sold the king of England to the emperor. A.D . 1193. King Richard remained a prisoner of the duke of Austria till that prince sold him to the Roman emperor for sixty thousand pounds of silver, Cologne weight, and then on the Tuesday after Balm Sunday he caused him to he carefully guarded ; and that he might compel the king to pay an immoderate sum for his ransom, he ordered him to be imprisoned in Tri valli* (Treves), from which prison no one who had entered there up to that time had ever come out again, and of which place Aristotle says in his fifth book, " Routini est mactarc parentes in Trivallis," and elsewhere it is said, " Sunt loca, sunt gentes, quibus est mactare parentes." Into this place was the