cumstances, that is to say, the position of the person, the extent of the offence, the time, place, cause, and period occupied in the sin, as also, the devoutness of the feelings of the penitent; and such a penance is to be enjoined on the wife, that she may not be rendered suspected by her husband of any secret and enormous sin, and the same is to be observed as to the husband. Also, no priest, after a lapse, is to presume to come to the altar, to celebrate [the mass], before he has made confession. This also we do add, in order to restrain the avarice of the priesthood, that masses are not to be enjoined, by way of penance, to any persons who are not priests.66 This, saving in all things the honor and privileges of the Holy Church of Rome." In what manner the archbishop, bishop, and their officers are to be entertained by their subjects. "Inasmuch as among the enactments that have been made by the fathers of modern times, those of the council of Lateran5' are most distinguished and most worthy in every way to be observed ; we, humbly and devoutly following the instructions thereof, do enact, that an archbishop, when visiting his province, shall on no account exceed the number of forty or fifty, and a bishop twenty or thirty horses; while an archdeacon shall not have more than five or seven, and deans who are appointed under bishops are to be content with two. They are not to go about with hounds or hawks, but are to proceed so as to appear to seek not their own things, but those of Christ.4 8 "We do also forbid them to presume to oppress those in subjection to them with tallages and exactions. However, we do permit them, considering the many necessities that sometimes arise, in case a manifest and reasonable cause shall exist, to be at liberty with all brotherly love to ask of them some slight assistance. For whereas the Apostle says, ' The children ought not to lay up for the parents, but the parents for the children,''9 it seems to be at variance with fatherly affection, if those who are the governors should be burdensome to those in subjection to them, whom, like shepherds, they ought in all their necessities to cherish. Archdeacons or deans are to presume to demand no exactions or tallage from priests or clerks. Further, what has been above said as to the number of horses, is to be ob 8 6 For if the persons had to pay for them, the priesthood might, if avariciously inclined, have an interest in multiplying such penances. 48 49 » See vol. i. p. 497. Alluding to Phil. ii. 21. 2 Cor. xii. 14.