A.D. 1198. POPE INNOCENT SENDS A LETTER ΤΟ ΤΠΕ KING. 437 but if he should likewise offend a third time, for the third offence no sureties were to be exacted, but the offender's own body. In the same year, the men of the religious orders refused98 to pay the king five shillings for each carucate in tillage, as the other subjects of the kingdom did; on which, an edict went forth from the king, that whoever in his kingdom should commit an offence against a clerk or any other member of the religious orders, he should not be compelled to make satisfaction to him ; but if any clerk or other member of the religious orders should commit an offence against any layman, he should be immediately compelled to make satisfaction to him ; in consequence of which, the members of the religious orders were compelled to ransom themselves99 [from this grievance]. The king also issued orders, that all persons, both clerks as well as laymen, who had charters or confirmations under his old seal, should bring them to be renewed under his new seal ; and if they should omit to do so, nothing that was done under his old seal should be held to be ratified. In the same year, pope Innocent sent letters of entreaty to Richard, king of England, in favour of Geoffrey, archbishop of York, begging him and, with paternal admonitions, exhorting him to receive the said archbishop, after his prayers and services, into his favour and brotherly love, and permit him in peace to return to his place, in order that he might not be obliged to proceed to ecclesiastical censure against him and his kingdom. Inconsequence of this, Richard, king of England, sent to the said archbishop, Philip, bishop of Durham, Eustace, bishop of Ely, Godfrey, bishop of "Winchester, John, bishop of Worcester, and Savaric, bishop of Bath, begging, in a spirit of humility, on the king's behalf, that he would ratify the presentations which the king had made in the church of York, on which, the king would restore to him his archbishopric in its full entirety. To these persons the archbishop made answer, " You are my feUow-brethre'n, and I will do what you advise me, if you will give me your assurance in writing under the testimony of your seals, that you will stand by that advice in the presence of our lord the pope." On this, the said bishops made answer, 8 8 The text of Hoveden has " voluerunt," " wished," or " were ready the context shows that this is a mistake for " noluerunt." 9 9 By paying, like the rest.