A.D. 1196. THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK PROTES HIS INNOCENCE. 389 be hanged. Accordingly, he was tied to the horse's tail, and dragged through the lanes and streets of the city to the gibbet,19 where he was hanged, together with eight of his confederates. The other citizens of London who had joined him, threw them selves upon the king's mercy, and gave hostages as security that they would keep the peace towards the king and his realm. The monks, however of the Holy Trinity at Canterbury, on hearing that their church at London, called Saint Mary at Arches,50 had been thus subjected to violence by order of their archbishop (who, although he was a servant of the king, ought still to have kept the rights of the Church inviolate), were indignant thereat, and their heart was grieved at him, and they were unable to hold communication with him on any matter in a peaceable manner. In the same year, Richard, king of England, gave to his nephew, Otho, the earldom of Poitou. In the same year, also, when the countess of Brittany had come, by command of king Richard, into Normandy, for the purpose.of holding a conference with him, Ranulph, earl of Chester, her husband, went to meet her at Pont D'Ûrse, and took her and shut her up in his castle at Saint James de Beverun. When her son Arthur found himself unable to procure her release, be became an adherent of the king of Prance, and ravaged the territories of the king, his uncle, with conflagrations, on which the king of England, collecting a large army, entered Brittany in a hostUe manner, and laid it waste. In the meantime, Geoffrey, archbishop of York, having at length arrived at the Apostolic See, made a long stay there, and, in transacting all matters relative to himself, he found the pope very hard to be moved, and vexed with him beyond measure. In process of time, however, a hearing was given to him, and his adversaries then present; and when the matters previously mentioned, and many other things, were alleged against him, all of which the archbishop steadfastly asserted to be false, his adversaries, being asked whether they were ready to provo their aBegations, made answer, after time for deBberation had been asked and conceded to them, that they were not willing to undertake the burden of proving the same. The archbishop, however, sufficiently proved that he was not guilty of the matters charged against him; and consequently our lord the pope, by the advice of his whole court, * At Tyburn. 5 0 Bow Church, in Cheapside.