A.D. 1192. LETTER OF POPE CELESTINUS. 285 any ground entertained feelings of rancour against another, and has despised the advice of man, he mil for the Creator do away with the same ; lest grounds for mutual dissension may still exist, which have hitherto, as yon are well aware, deprived us of the achievement of victory, and have, without any advantage, brought the greater part of this multitude into peril of death. And, among themselves, let them make it their care, with all earnestness of mind, to consider the means by which, in the meantime, that little of the land, the portion of the Lord, which is still held under the sway of the Christians, may be yet preserved unshaken, and without any fear defended against the attacks of the wicked, that so it may not fall into the hands of the unbelievers ; and that, lastly, a multitude of the faithful may put themselves in readiness, who may with all due and duteous humility proceed thither, and, conquering and utterly treading under foot the frantic might of those in possession thereof, liberate the land and the Sepulchre of the Lord. And further, inasmuch as there hence arises too abundant cause for tearfulness to ourselves and all Christian people, and we are bound in every way to be sorrowful and not to rejoice, so long as the land, on which have stood the feet of the Lord and where the sacraments of our salvation were revealed, is held in the occupation of the Gentiles, we do utterly forbid tournaments, which were invented for the sake of mirthfulness and for the exercise of the prowess of novices in the art of Avar, to the end that he who wishes to exercise himself may repair to that land, where the prowess of his mind and his body may both manfully and healthfully be proved. Let them also so make it their care to maintain unity, peace, and concord one with another, that there may be no one to wage war against another, or to presume to avenge an injury with arms, but rather let them make it their common study, what means may, through zeal and diligent attention, soothe all conflicting spirits. But if any one, a thing we do not believe, laying aside all fear of God and respect for ourselves, and through contempt for the Christian faith, shall with any rashness presume to act contrary hereto, then let him know that we do strictly command yourselves and the other archbishops and bishops to place under ecclesiastical interdict the lands of such persons as shall think proper contumaciously to follow a course of this kind, as also, if there shall be a necessity, to place under the ban of excommunication their persons as well, and to cause both sentences to be