A.D. 1190. PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS AT YORK. the archbishop elect pronounced them excommunicated. In consequence of this, Divine service ceased from that day in the metropolitan church. In the same year, after the Purification of Saint Mary, queen Eleanor, the mother of king Eichard, Alice, the sister of Philip, king of Prance, Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, John, bishop of Norwich,- Hugh, bishop of Durham, Godfrey, bishop of Winchester, Reginald, bishop of Bath, William, bishop of Ely, Hubert, bishop of Salisbury, Hugh, bishop of Chester, Geoffrey, archbishop elect of York, and John, earl of Mortaigne, the king's brother, by order of our lord the king crossed over from England to Normandy ; and after holding a council with them, our lord the king appointed William, bishop of Ely, bis chanceUor, chief justiciary of England ; while he made Hugh, bishop of Durham, justiciary from the river Humber to the territory of the king of Scotland. He also compelled Geoffrey, archbishop elect of York, and John, earl of Mortaigne, his brothers, to make oath, touching the Holy Evangelists, that they would not enter England for the next three years, except with his permission. However, he immediately released his brother John from the oath which he had made, and gave him permission to return to England, after swearing that he would faithfully serve him. The king also sent to England William, bishop of Ely, his chanceUor, to make the preparations necessary for him and his expedition ; and, as he wished to exalt him above all other persons in his dominions, both clergy as well as laity, he sent envoys to pope Clement, and prevailed upon him to entrust to the before-named chancellor the legateship of the whole of England and Scotland. On the chancellor arriving in England, he caused the Tower of London to be surrounded with a moat of very great depth, hoping that so the river Thames might pass around it. After this, the chancellor received, for the necessities of our lord the king, from each city of England two palfreys and two sumpter horses by way of aid ; from each abbey throughout England one palfrey and one sumpter horse ; and from each of the king's manors one palfrey and one sumpter horse In the same month of March, on the seventeenth13 day before the calends of April, being the sixth day before Palm Sunday, the Jews of the city of York, in number five hundred men, besides women and children, shut themselves up in the 4 3 A various reading has " the eighteenth."