pointed at the top. On its summit is the Cross of the Sepulchre ; and thereupon is built a beautiful house ; and on the eastern side in that stone of the Sepulchre is a gate by which men enter within to pray ; and there is within the couch on which lay the body of the Lord. (7.) Bernhard the Wise. A.D. 807. Bernhard* describes the group, as This account agrees with of " four churches connected together Arculfs. It is difficult to by walls, that is to say, one in the fit these churches into the east, which has Mount Calvary : and Haram Area. one in the place in which the Cross Building was always of the Lord was found, which'is called going on, which accounts the Basilica of Constantino : another for the difference between to the south, and a fourth to the this story and that of west, in the middle of which is the Willibald's. sepulchre of the Lord. . . . Between these four churches is a Paradise without a roof, the walls of which shine with gold, and the pavement with precious marble. In the midst of it is an inclosure of four chains, which proceed from the aforesaid four churches, and in it said to be the centre of the world." With a very few trifling exceptions, which may be found enumerated in the ' Bible Atlas,' p. 73, the whole voice of writers since the tenth century is clearly and unmistakably in favour of the present site. We must not omit to notice the opinion of Mr. Lewin, that the Dome of the Rock was originally the Temple of Jupiter, which Dion Qassius tells us was built on the site of Herod's Temple. But he goes on to suppose that Hadrian was deceived as to the real situation of the Temple, a thing which seems to us impossible. The founda tions which the Mohammedans found when they began to build, may very well have been those of the Temple of Jupiter, and many of the old pillars may have been used for the new Dome. The destruction of the Temple was probably due to Chosroes, who clearly left nothing standing at all. It may, however, have been destroyed by the pious zeal of the Christians. So far therefore, as the historical evidence goes, it appears to us that the following facts come out with great clearness. (1.) Josephus, and therefore the Jews generally, believed that Solomon's temple was built on the highest part of the hill, the ground being afterwards raised artificially. * Williams' 'Holy City,' ii., 264.