while Constantino's buildings were being erected. His account is as follows :— "Also to you going out into Jerusalem, to ascend Sion, on the left hand and down below in valley by the wall in the pool which is called Siloam. .. . In the same way Sion is ascended, and then appears the place where was the house of Caiaphas the priest ; and the column is still there at which they beat Christ with scourges. But within, inside the Sion wall, is seen the place where David had his palace, and [where were] seven synagogues, which once were there, [but] one only remains [standing], for the rest are ploughed up and sowed over, as Isaiah the prophet hath said. Thence, in order to go outside the wall, to those going to the Neapolitan gate, on the right hand, down in the valley, are walls where was the house or praîtorium "of Pontius Pilate. There our Lord was heard before He suffered. But on the left hand is the hill of Golgotha, where the Lord was crucified. Thence about a stone's throw is the crypt where His body was placed, and (from which) He rose again on the third day. There, lately, by order of Constantine, a Basilica has been built, that is, a church of wonderful beauty," &c, &c, &c. (2.) St. Cyril. Fourth century.* " The cleft (or entrance) which was at the door of the Salutary Sepulchre, was hewn out of the rock itself, as is customary here in the front of sepulchres. For now it appears not, the outer cave having been hewn away for the sake of the present adornment ;f for before the sepulchre was decorated by royal seal, there was a cave in the face of the rock."t (3.) Antoninus Martyrus gives the following facts :— " From the monument to Golgotha is eighty paces," i.e., about two hundred feet. But between Siloam and Golgotha is a distance of about a mile. (4.) Antiochus the Monk. A.D. 630. Modestus . . . tempia Salvatone nostri Jesu Christi, quae quidem * Taken from Williams' ' Holy City,' vol. ii., p. 80, and p. 172. t Can this remark apply to the rock, rough and unshapen, in the Dome of the Rock ? See Williams' « Holy City,' vol. ii. X It may be observed on this passage that the so-called Tomb of Absalom, as has been discovered by M. Clermont Ganneau, was originally a cave, but the rock has been cut away on all sides from it, so that it now stands out like a built monument.