• CHAPTER XIX. THE MODERN CITY AND ITS INHABITANTS. JERUSALEM stands upon a tongue of land, bounded on the west by the Yalley of Hinnom, and on tbe east by the Valley of Jehoshaphat, two deep wâdies, which, uniting at the southern extremity, under the name of the Kedron, flow down together to the Dead Sea. The promontory thus formed is divided again by a smaller valley, called the Tyropœon, bisecting the city from north to south, and running from the Damascus gate, by the Pool of Siloam, into the Kedron. Two hills, or spurs, thus project from the elevated ground on the north-west of the city, of which the western—the higher of the two—is called Mount Sion, and the eastern, Mount Moriah ; upon the last stood the Temple of the Jews, and upon it at the present day stands the far-famed Masjid el Aksa, better known as the Haram es Sherif, or " Noble Sanctuary." Between the valley of Hinnom and that of the Tyropœon a narrow neck of ground is occupied by the Citadel or "Tower of David." In shape the city is an irregular rhomboid, the longest diagonal of which measures something less than a mile. It covers about two hundred and nine acres of ground, of which thirty-five are occupied by the area of the Haram es