men by giving a dispute between a croisé and one who refuses to take the Cross, in which the latter advances the startling proposition, not heard since the time of Origen, that a man can very well get to heaven without " pilgrimising," and without fighting for the Cross.* But Butebeuf is very urgent. He laments the decay of religious zeal. O'ergrown with grass the long road lies, Thick trodden once by eager feet, When men pressed on with streaming eyes, Themselves to offer at God's seat. They send, instead, wax tapers now ; God has no true hearts left below. The fatal thing, however, was a feeling slowly growing up that it was God's will that the Church of the Sepulchre should belong to the infidel ; and a bishop of a somewhat later time gives three reasons for this ; namely, first, as a plea for the Christians ; second, for the confusion of the Saracens; and thirdly, for the conversion of the Jews. And for the first reason he argues that Christians will never be allowed to have the city again till they are sinless, because God will not have his children commit sin in such a place ; as for the Saracens, they are, of course, only dogs ; now the master of a house is not very careful about the behaviour of his dogs, but he cannot bear ill behaviour on the part of his children. Little now remains to tell, because Jerusalem passes away from history, and the events which follow are hardly even indirectly concerned with the Holy City. Louis led another Crusade and met his death at Tunis. Edward of England, with his brother Edmund and eight hundred men came to Acre, but were, of course of little use with so small a reinforcement ; and, after concluding a treaty with * " Je dis que cil est foux nayx, Qui se mest en autrui servage Quant Dieu peut gaaigner sayx Et vivre de son heritage."