for their recovery of the holy places. And he made the chiefs themselves, who had sinned by. quarrelling and dissension, embrace in presence of the whole army, and thereby set the example of perfect union. Then they renewed, for the last time, their oaths of fidelity to the Cross. Peter, the Hermit, who was with them, harangued them also. And in the evening the soldiers returned to the camp to confess their sins, to receive the Eucharist, and to spend the night in prayer. Godfrey alone was active. He perceived that the Saracens had constructed on the wall opposite to the position of his great tower, works which would perhaps render it useless. He therefore took it down, and transported it, with very great labour, and in a single night, to a spot which he considered the weakest in the north wall. Here it was re-erected to the dismay of the besieged. At break of day on Thursday, July 14th, 1099, the attack began. The towers were moved against the walls, the mangonels hurled their stones into the city, and the battering-rams were brought into play. All day long the attack was carried on, but to little effect, and at nightfall, when the Crusaders returned to their camp, the tower of Raymond was in ruins ; those of Tancred and Godfrey were so damaged that they could not be moved ; and the princes were seen beating their hands in despair, and crying that God had abandoned them. " Miserable men that we are !" cried Robert of Normandy ; " God judges us unworthy to enter into the Holy City, and worship at the tomb of His Son." The next day was Friday, the day of the Crucifixion. At daybreak the battle began again. It went well for the Crusaders ; the wall was broken in many places, and the besieged with all their endeavours could not set fire to the towers. In the middle of the day they brought out two magicians—witches, it is said, though one hardly