disputed, and the claims of the Templars were successfully resisted hy the nobles of Navarre ; but in Arragon they obtained, by way of compromise, lands, and castles, and considerable dependencies, a portion of the customs and duties levied throughout the kingdom, and of the contributions raised from the Moors.* To increase the enthusiasm in favour of the Templars, and still further to swell their ranks with the best and bravest of the European chivalry, St. Bernard, at the request of Hugh de Paycns,T took up his powerful pen in their behalf. In a famous discourse " In praise of the New Chivalry," the holy abbot sets forth, in eloquent and enthusiastic terms, the spiritual advantages and blessings enjoyed by the military friars of the Temple over all other warriors. He draws a curious picture of the relative situations and circumstances of the secular soldiery and the soldiery of Christ, and shows how different in the sight of God are the bloodshed and slaughter perpetrated by the one, from that committed by the other. This extraordinary discourse is written with great spirit; it is addressed " To Hugh, Knight of Christ, and Master of the Knighthood of Christ," is divided into fourteen parts or chapters, and commences with a short prologue. It is curiously illustrative of the spirit of the times, and some of its most striking passages will be read with interest. The holy abbot thus pursues his comparison between the soldier of the world and the soldier of Christ—the secular and the religious warrior. * Hist, de VegHeede Gandersheim. Mariana de relue ITispattm, lib. χ, cap. la, 17, 18* Zurita anales de la eorma de Aragon, torn. i. lib. i. cap. 53. Quanta, torn. i. lib, ii, cap, 4. t Semel et secundo, et tertio, ni fallor, petiisti a me. Hugo canrisaime,ut tibi tuisqae commilitonibus scriberem exhortationis sennonem, et advenue hastilem tyramiidem, quia lanceam non liceret, stilum vibrarem. Enhortatio S. Bernardi ad Milites Templi, ed. MabilSoit. Pariais, 1839, torn. i. col. 1253 to 1278.