a ΤΠΕ KNIUEITS TliMl'LAItS. mand of the first christian emperor, of the magnificent church of tbo Hesurrection, or, as it is now called, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, over the sacred monument, the tide of pilgrimage set in towards Jerusalem, and went on increasing in strength as Christianity gradually spread throughout Europe. On the surrender of the Holy City to the victorious Arabians, (A. D . 637,) the privileges and the security of the christian population were provided for in the following guarantee, given under the hand and seal of the Caliph Ornarlo Sophronius the Patriarch. " From OMAR EBNO 'L AI.CHITAE to the inhabitants of ^3LIA." " They shall be protected and secured both in their lives and fortunes, and their churches shall neither be pulled down nor made use of by any but themselves." * Under the government of tbe Arabians, the pilgrimages continued steadily to increase ; the old and the young, women and children, flocked in crowds to Jerusalem, and in the year 1064 the Holy Sepulchre was visited by an enthusiastic band of seven thousand pilgrims, headed by the Archbishop of Menu and tbe Bishops of Utrecht, Bamberg, and Iiatisbon/f- The year following, however, Jerusalem was conquered by the wild Turcomans. Three thousand of the citizens Avere indiscriminately massacred, and the hereditary command over the Holy City and territory was confided to the Emir Ortok, the chief of a savage pastoral tribe. Under the iron yoke of these fierce Northern strangers, the Christians were fearfully oppressed ; they were driven from their * Elwarin, Hurt. Saracen. Entychius. ΐ Ingulphiu, tbe secretary uf William tac Conqueror, one of the nnnihcr, states that Tic sallied forth from Nomijind/ with thirty companions, all stoat and Hill-appointed hornemen, and that they returned iweniy miserable palmers, with the stufi' in Uidr hund and the wallet at their hack.—Banmms atl mm. 1061, No. 43, fio".