[Vili. By Armenia as a kingdom, is meant little more than the ancient Cilicia, the land between Taurus and the sea, from the frontier of the principality of Antioch, eastward, to Kelenderis or Palseopolis, a little beyond Seleucia; this territory, which was computed to contain sixteen days' journey in length, measured from four miles of Antioch, by two in breadth, was separated from the Greater Armenia, which before the period on which we are employed had fallen under the sway of the Seljuks, by the ridges of Taurus1. The population was composed ί largely of the sweepings of Asia Minor, Christian tribes which had taken refuge in the mountains. Their religion was partly Greek, partly Armenian, for the Armenian Catholicos, after resting for a century and a half in Mesopotamia, took refuge at Sis, and founded there an independent or national Catholicate at the close of the thirteenth2 century. Their rulers were princes descended from the house of the Bagratidas, who had governed the Greater Armenia as kings from the year 885 to the reign of Constantine Monomachus, and had then merged their hazardous independence in the mass of the Greek empire3. 1 The boundaries of Armenia at its greatest extension are thus given by Du Laurier, in the Armenian volume of the Recueil des Historiens des Croisades, pp. xix. sq. :—Westward, Side or Eski-Adalieh ; eastward, the Pylae Ciliciae, or passes of the mountains close to the gulf of Alexandretta. The custom-house, towards Iconium, was at Pilerga, and the passes westward were at Germanicopolis and Claudiopolis. '' The Catholicate was without fixed residence from 1066-1114; it was then settled at Hrom-Gla, on the Euphrates, in the principality of Edessa, where it remained until 1293, when it settled at Sis. 5 The Armenian historians describe the Greater Armenia after the fall of the Arsacidse, under Arsaces IV, A.D. 387, as divided between Persia and Byzantium ; the Arsacide rulers governing as tributaries until 428. From 428 to 625 it was governed by Persian governors, ' Marzbans,' frequently native Armenians of the house of the Bagratidse; from 632 by a Curopalates or patrician named at Constantinople, sometimes by the patriarch, sometimes by the Khalif. In 885 the Bagratide, Aschod I, was recognised by the Khalif Motamed as king,