VII.] JOHN OF SALISBURY. the quadrivium, and, under Peter de Helie, rhetoric : after that he took to Aristotle again under Adam of Petitpont, an English scholar who was afterwards made Bishop of S. Asaph ; his next teacher was William of Soissons, who was attempting to upset the old logic. At this point of his career, after ten years, of study, he began to take pupils, his poverty compelling. From William of Soissons he went on to Gilbert of la Porrée and Robert Pullus. He had now reached the study of divinity and wound up with Simon of Poissy, a faithful lecturer but somewhat obtuse debater ' fidus lector sed obtusior disputator ; ' if he had gone through the discipline that John had passed through, it was no wonder. After these twelve years of study John went to Celles as chaplain or secretary to the Abbot Peter ; and about 1150 returned to England, where S. Bernard recommended him to Archbishop Theobald. His career of usefulness in England thus began just at the time when Vacarius was teaching law, and Theobald was maintaining the school of literature in his own palace from which so many conspicuous men afterwards sprang. For thirty years John continued to live, the central figure of English learning ; suffering indeed many troubles with Becket, whose companion he was in his exile, but restored to his home in n70 ; in 1176 he was made Bishop of Chartres, and he died in 1180. His career is conspicuous, and he had both ability and opportunity that were given to few. can only mention now the names of the other students at Paris who to some extent trod in his footsteps : Ralph de Diceto the historian, Archdeacon of Middlesex and Dean of S. Paul's, studied at S. Genevieve shortly after John of Salisbury ; he lived to the end of the century ; Robert of Melun and Robert Pullus had not only been pupils but teachers at Paris, and Adam of Petitpont the same ; these have been already mentioned. Walter Map, the poet and