there was never a time when he could feel entirely safe in delegating his authority. Most troublesome of all was the unrelenting prodding of his own conscience. Custom and the nature of the oriental mind demanded that he be the father of his people in all things. He must be present in person to judge on final appeal between his subjects ; he must personally decide the petition which the humblest among them directed to the All-Highest— indeed, he must receive it with his own hands. For Saladin, these traditions were obligatory, nor could any excuse be advanced which he would accept as saving his time or strength. In the midst of his most arduous campaigns he continued to act the judge for those who wished to come before him. When the fortunes of war wavered, and anxiety preyed like a canker upon his tortured mind, he still insisted upon setting aside time for the receiving of the clamorous who refused to accept the verdicts of lesser authorities. CA just governor is the shadow of God upon earth," said Abu Bekr. " He who serves God faithfully himself and for others, God will place under the shadow of His throne on that day when no other will remain except that shadow." That pronouncement from the successor to the Prophet was deeply impressed upon Saladin. Every Monday and Thursday he sat in public judgment, surrounded by the leading cadis, jurisconsults and others learned in the law and wise in experience of their fellow men. " Every one who had a grievance," writes his secretary, " was admitted —