A.D. 1190.] PHILIP AND RICHARD AT MESSINA. 97 fleet which, with their crews, had been dispersed here, and there, at length, by the grace of God, arrived at the city of Lisbon by way of the river Tagus. Afterwards the archbishop of Auxia, Robert des Sables, Richard de Canville, and William de Fortz, taking their course between Africa and Spain, after many storms, arrived, on the octaves of St. Mary, at Marseilles, with the whole of the fleet which was under their charge, and, finding the king there, they stopped to attend to the necessary repairs of the ships. How lialdwin archbishop of Canterbury, and some others landed at Tyre, About the same time Baldwin archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert bishop of Salisbury, and Ralph de. Glanville, formerly justiciaries of England, who had preceded the king of England on the voyage to Jerusalem, making a direct course, left Sicily on the left hand, and, after experiencing many dangers, arrived at Tyre about Michaelmas. John bishop of Norwich, however, went to the pope, and having obtained his permission, there laid aside, the cross of the Lord, and so having cleared out bis baggage, he returned to England absolved from his vows.* Of a quarrel between the kings at Messina. On the 16th of September in this same year Philip the French king arrived at Messina, and was entertained in king Tancred's palace ; king Richard arrived on the 23rd of the same month, but was not allowed ingress to the city, for the French were afraid that the provisions would not suffice for the multitudes who followed the two kings. Richard, on learning this, sent his marshals to the elders of the eitv, requesting them to sell provisions to his army that they might not be pressed by want; the citizens wished to open their gates and to treat such a great prince hospitably, but the French would not permit them, but climbed the walls in anus and resolved to defend the gates. At this king Richard ordered his troops to fly to arms, and to force an * M. Paris amplifies this sentence as follow* : " He also offered moncv, which the pope received with avidity. Thus he easily obtained lit enee to depart, and emptying his baggage, that it might not be loo heavy for him, he returned to Knglaud absolved from his vow, leaving behind him a disgraceful example to the army." VOL. II. H