A.D. lioo. ι OF KING ItlCIIAI'lAs NAVY. King Menant'» letter on behalf of his chancellor. At this same time, Richard king of England issued letters to all his liege subjects throughout England, as follows : '· Richard, bv the grace of God, &e. We coimnand mei enjoin you, that as you regard us and our kingdom, as well as yourselves and vonr possessions, ye ht: in all things obedient to our friend and well-beloved chancellor, the bishop of Ely, in all things which tend to our welfare, and that ye act for him in all his commands on our behalf, as i.' we ourselves were in the kingdom. Witness myself at 1 îayonne." Of the commanders of king Hiehard's nacy,und the laics made against malefactors. About that timi', king Richard, in a council of nobles, chose and appointed Gerani archbishop of Auxicnne, Bernard bishop of Barvia, Robert des Sables, Richard de Canville, and William de Korit, to be justiciaries over the combined navv of England, Normandy, Brittany, and I'oiciou, which was about to sail for tini Holy Land, and delivered letters patent to them as follow : " Richard, by the grace of (iod, king of England, to all his subjects about to sail to the Holy Land, greeting: Know all men, that we by the advice of our good council, have, made these laws :—Whoever on board ship shall slay another shall be bound to the dead man, and cast into the. sea with him ; if any one shall kill another on land, he shall be bound to the dead man and buried with him : if any one shall be convicted of having drawn a knife to strike another, or shall draw blood from another, he shall lose his hand ; if any one strikes another, he shall be dipped three times in the sea; whoever shall offer insult, or reproach, or curse his companion, shall be fined as many ounces of silver as times he shall have so insulted him ; a robber convicted of theft shall have boiling pitch poured on his head, and a shower of ashes scattered thereon to know him, and he shall be set adrift at the lirst place the ships touch at." lie caused tin oath to be administered to each and all. that they would keep these laws, and would obey the Ixd'orenamed justiciaries ; after which he ordered the commanders of his navy to set sail and meet him at Marseilles.