466 ROGER OF WENDOYER. [A.D. 1114. means of the ring and pastoral staff. The same year died Thomas archbishop of York, and was sncceeded by Thurstan. Between Ralph archbishop of Canterbury and Thurstan of York there arose a great discussion, because the latter was unwilling to give the usual submission to the archbishop of Canterbury, as his ancestors had done before him ; and this question had been often agitated before the king and before our lord the pope, but had never been fully decided. The same year king Henry led an army into Wales, and reduced the inhabitants to submit themselves to his royal pleasure. The same year, in the month of May, a large comet appeared, and shortly after, an earthquake destroyed part of the city of Mamistra, not far from Antioch, together with two castles, namely, Triphalege and Mariscun. The same year, also, Menduc king of the Persians, invaded the territories of the Christians with so great an army, that it is impossible to state their number : and having crossed many countries, he pitched his camp near the bridge under which flows the Jordan. Baldwin king of Jerusalem, learning this, called Roger prince of Antioch to his assistance ; but the rash king, before his allies arrived, trusting too presumptuously in his own strength, advanced with a small army to meet the enemy, and fell into an ambuscade which they laid for him : thus overwhelmed, by numbers, he was compelled to take flight, leaving his standard on the field of battle. Arnulf, also, the patriarch, and other princes who were with him, left their camp and all their baggage and fled disgracefully : thirty knights and fifteen hundred infantry fell in that battle. The Turks, knowing that the other parts of the kingdom had no military to defend them, divided their army, and overrunning the whole country with fire and sword, devastated the suburban districts, made prisoners the husbandmen, and collected their spoils into the villages and towns. King Baldwin took to flight, and entering a castle which was in his dominions, defended it a long time against the attacks of the enemy, but he at last gave it up on condition of being allowed to return without molestation to his own people. How king Henry made his nobles swear fidelity to his son. A.D. 1114. Henry king of England caused all his nobles to take an oath of fidelity to his son William, whom his