William, and, having obtained peace and pardon, tendered his allegiance to him. Of the slavery of the English church. A.D. 1070. King William by evil counsel, despoiled the monasteries of the English of their gold and silver, and, what was a greater insult to holy church, he did not even spare the chalices or sepulchral ornaments. He also placed under military rule all the bishoprics and abbacies which held baronies, and which, up to that time, had been free from all secular authority ; enrolling, at his own pleasure, each of the bishoprics and abbacies as to how many soldiers each should furnish to him and his successors in time of war ; and, placing the enrolments of this ecclesiastical slavery in his treasury, he drove from his kingdom many ecclesiastics who resisted this most evil decree. At this time, Stigand archbishop of Canterbury, and Alexander of Lincoln, made their escape to the Scots, and remained amongst them for a time ; Egelwin bishop of Durham, alone of all the English prelates, although an exile and proscribed man, with a godly zeal excommunicated all the invaders of the church and the robbers of church property. In the same year, on the deposition from his prelacy of the apostate archbishop Stigand,—who by bribes had been first made bishop of Helmham, afterwards of Winchester, and lastly of Canterbury, as has been mentioned above ; a man who held his honours, not with a view to religion, but to satisfy his avarice — Lanfranc, formerly a monk of Bee, and afterwards abbat of Caen, succeeded him in the archbishopric of Canterbury ; and he, having spent eighteen years in that prelacy, afforded an example of a good life to his successors. A t the same time, Eadgar Atheling, who had surrendered to king William, broke his oath by making his escape to the Scots ; but after spending some years among them, wishing to prove king William's liberality, he set sail to Normandy, where he was hospitably received by king William, and, after being honoured with large presents, received from the king a daily allowance of one pound of silver. How many of the nobles of England fled to desert places. A.D. 1071. The earls Edwin, Mercher, and Siward,