learnt to be true, that the pope made his hand all the more heavy, and, as if out of contempt and a wish to provoke, behaved more wantonly than usual in the kingdom, oppressing the church, he proposed and brought forward to them articles respecting the grievances and oppressions of the church and kingdom, as practised in writings, signed with the bull, (which any diligent seeker may find in the royal treasury,) and he complained bitterly to the whole assembled body 01 the manifest violation of his promises by the pope. And they all rejoiced, hoping that the constancy of the king had, by this display of his power, delivered the whole kingdom, and the church likewise, from the oppressions and injuries of the pope. Accordingly, they at last, both as individuals and as a collected body, determined, on account of their reverence for the Apostolic See, to write to the lord the pope, and to send him deputies regularly authorized, to supplicate him to relax the intolerable grievances with which he had now been for a long time oppressing them, and to relieve them from his insupportable yoke. The same year, some laws were made with increased rigour against those who furtively did injury to the parks and preserves of others ; and in that parliament it was granted and established that vengeance might be taken on all who were discovered and convicted, as a diligent reader may be more fully assured of by the testimony of the written deeds which were drawn up on this subject. Accordingly, when the aforesaid parliament was dissolved, all the bishops immediately wrote to the lord the. pope as a separate body, and the lord the king wrote by himself, and the abbots and priors by themselves, and earl Richard, and with him all the other nobles by themselves, writing most elegant letters to the cardinals, as well as to the lord the pope, requesting them to spare the kingdom of England, and to put an end to the grievances which were now of long standing, in a tone which might have softened even hearts of iron. And their grievances were all set down in order, and a careful examiner may find them enumerated in those letters. The same year, Conrad, the son of Frederic, continuing the war against the archbishop of Cologne, and the other nobles of Germany, who firmly adhered to the landgrave and the church, making a sudden attack upon them on one occasion, was defeated, and retired in confusion. For some of the powerful