very indignant, and detesting the avarice of Rome, urged the king of England to pay no attention to papal mandates of so injurious a character, but rather to have recourse to hostile war, to repress the new insolence of so ungrateful a man. And when the pope found that this was the case, he dissembled, and conniving at their refractory spirit, allowed all these things to pass by unnoticed. But he was far from restoring the money of the prodigal David, in order that by being punished in that way he might learn better wisdom for the future. This year, brother Vincent completed his mirrors. And so this year passed, being both a fruitful and a fertile one, so that a sum or quarter of corn fell to the price of two shillings. It was a year very unfavourable to the Holy Land ; cloudy and discreditable to the Roman Church ; turbulent, as far as the kingdom of England was concerned ; and pregnant with fear to the kingdom of France ; looked upon with suspicion by the universal church ; and full of wars and alarms to Italy. CH. XIL—FROM A.D. 1245 το A.D. 1246. Wars between the Welch and English—The Templars send reinforcements to the Holy Land—Disputes with the pope— A council is held at Lyons—The pope again excommunicates and deposes the emperor. On Christmas-day John de Gatesdene becomes a soldierfrom having been a clerk. Edmund, the king1s son, is horn. A.D . 1245, which is -the twenty-ninth of the reign of king Henry the Third, the aforesaid king, at the feast of the Nati-] vity of the Lord, was in London. And there, on Christmasday, he invested John de Gatesdene, one of the secular clergy, and who was enriched with many benefices, but who had previously resigned them all, with the belt of a knight, because he was eager to adopt a married life, which he preferred. About the same time, the archbishop elect of Canterbury, and the bishops of Worcester and Hereford, crossed the sea, men who among all the prelates of England were the most especial servants of the lord the pope, and eager to perform his will, even to the injury of the kingdom, because he had promoted them. Indeed, the archbishop elect of Canterbury, when about to