him. who, having called him, prevailed upon him by entreaty to depart. And, when he had gone out, the tower suddenly fell, and crushed all who were there miserably. CH. II.—FROM A.D. 1088 το A.D. 1100. Many of the nobles prefer the claim of Robert—Prudence of William—His coronation—He makes war on Robert— Malcolm does homage to him for Scotland—Death of Malcolm—A great council is held at Clermont—The first crusade—Valour of Robert, and ofTancred and Bohemond— Robert mortgages Normandy to king William—Alexius, emperor of Constantinople—Soliman is defeated—Nice is taken, and Antioch—Siege of Jerusalem—King William is Jailed, and succeeded by Henry—Baldwin is crowned king of Jerusalem—Robert returns to Europe. William, king of England, the great conqueror, being dead, William Rufus succeeds to the kingdom, being the second son of the late king. A.D. 1088. Many of the nobles of England disdaining to be subject to the younger brother, and to desert the cause of Robert, the eldest son, said it would be too unworthy a proceeding to be subject to the younger brothers, while abandoning so gallant and noble a soldier. But the prudence of the king, as he was not able to bend every one at once, proceeded cautiously to propitiate individuals, and at first he promised privileges according to his own discretion ; afterwards he was not slack in recalling what it was not his to give ; and thus he promised cunningly, with a crafty mental reservation of his own ; conduct which did not escape the notice of God. Victor was elected pope, and governed the papal see one year, four months, and four days. The coronation of William Rufus. Therefore the new king was crowned at London, being both in name and fact William Rufus. And there were present at his coronation, Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, who had consecrated him king, and Thomas, archbishop of York, and Maurice, bishop of London, and Walkelm, bishop of Winchester, and Galfrid, bishop of Chichester, and Alnoth, bishop of Worcester, and William, bishop of Thetford, and Robert, bishop of Chester, and William, bishop of Durham, and Odo,