lippa gave birth to her eldest daughter, Isaoella, at Woodstock palace ; and, as was then the custom, she, at her " uprising," received the congratulations of the court whilst reclining upon her superb state bed. In the spring of 1333, Edward commenced a fierce war against Scotland. The causes which led to the war are briefly these. Robert Rruce, after freeing his country from the power of the English, died in 1329, and left his son David, then but seven years old, and who,"in the previous year, had been betrothed to Edward's infaut sister, Joanna, under the guardianship of the Earl of Moray. Formerly many of the barons of each country had, at the same time, possessed lands in the other. These lands the respective sovereigns had seized during the war, and at the peace, instead of restoring them to their rightful owners, both Kings passed over the great body of claimants in silence. This injustice so irritated the English nobles who had possessed lands in Scotland, that joining with Edward Baliol, the son and heir of that Baliol who was forced by Edward the First to resign Ills crown, they flew to arms, and that too, with such vigour and success, that after a campaign of about two months, Baliol was crowned King of Scotland, on the twenty-fourth of September, 1332. Elated by his success, Baliol made flattering overtures to Edward, offering himself to wed the Princess Joanna, if her marriage with David Bruce did not proceed, and if otherwise, to provide for her by a payment of ten thousand pounds. Edward's position was a delicate one, he therefore resolved to pursue a neutral policy ; but even this he could not maintain for long, as Baliol, falling as rapidly as he had risen, was compelled, in December, to seek refuge in England, where he wTas received with a friendly welcome by Edward, which so irritated the Scots, that they broke the treaty of peace, and made destructive inroads upon the borders. The real wishes of Edward were now gratified, the parliament sanctioned his renewing the Scotch war, and without delay, he opened the campaign by the siege of Rerwick. Philippa accompanied her royal lord in his expedition into the north, and whilst the siege of Rerwick was going on, the intrepid Scotch Regent, Douglas, endeavoured to divert the attention of Edward by fiercely besieging Ramborough castle in Northumberland, where she resided ; hut the English King, relying on the courage of his Queen, and the strength of her castle home, would not relinquish his purpose, and after defeating the Scots in the sanguinary battle of Halidon Hill, entered Rerwick in triumph on the twentieth of July. In 1333, Philippa presented her royal lord with a daughter, christened Joanna. The birth of this Princess took place at the Tower, and in the following year, Prince William entered the world at Windsor, died almost immediately afterwards, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. It was in 1334 that Philippa's father made King Edward a present of a richly jewelled golden helmet, and at the same time urged him to cease his efforts against the poor but patriotic Scots, and lead his army against the more wealthy kingdom of France. In 1336, whilst attending Edward in his fourth campaign against the Scots, Philippa gave birth to her third son, christened William, of Hatfield, at a small viUage in Yorkshire. This infant died when only a few weeks old, and was buried with royal pomp in York cathedral. Having now, as he believed, sufficiently reduced Scotland, Edward leagued with the Emperor of Germany, the Earl of Hainault, and other continental princes and nobles, and in 1338, commenced war in favour of his claim to the French crown. Making Flanders the field of hostilities, he sailed for Antwerp with Philippa and their younger daughter, leaving Prince John and the Princess Isabella behind, in the Tower. At the head of an army of fifty thousand mostly foreign mercenaries, Edward encamped near Capelle, whilst the French King advanced towards him with nearly one hundred thousand French troops. Rut these mighty