d e Luxembourg, and won the castle of Ligney, that belonged to tbe latter in right of his wife. To put an end to this war, the king, at bis own expense, sent thither his chamberlain, the lord Perron, in whom, of all his courtiers, he put the greatest confidence, who, in conjunction with the king, laboured so effectually that peace was restored. His council sometimes reproved him for the great pains be took to make up the quarrels of foreigners, for that he acted wrong in preventing them from making war on each other, as peace would i be more securely maintained. Tb e king, in answer, told them, they did not advise what was right ; " for," added he, " if the princes and great barons, whose territories join mine, perceive that I suffer them to make war on each other with indifference, they may say among themselves, that the king of France allows them thus to act, through malice and ingratitude, and on that account they may unite and make an attack on my kingdom, which may suffer from it ; and I shall, besides, incur tbe anger of God, who expressly says, ' Blessed are peacemakers, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven/" The Burgundiane and Lorrainers perceiving so much goodness in the king, and the great pains he took to keep them at peace, had such an affection for him that they were willing to obey his commands, and with much pleasure pleaded their private disputes in his presence. I saw them frequently come on this business to Paris, to Rheims, to Melun and elsewhere, as the king might happen to be. The good king loved God and the blessed Virgin with such sincerity, that he severely punished every one that was guilty of villanous swearing, or of having used any indecent or beastly expression. I saw him once at Csesarea order a silversmith to be pilloried* in his shirt and breeches, to the disgrace of the criminal ; and I heard that, after his return from Palestine, while I was at Joinville, be caused a citizen of Paris to be burnt, and marked with a hot iron on the nose and under-lip, for having blasphemed. I beard also, from the king's own mouth, that he would willingly be seared with a * This ladder of punishment was used in ancient times, and, according to the Glossary of Du Cange, is similar to oar pillory. The criminal was forced to mount it, and be exposed to public view, to make him suffer the shame his crime deserved.