392 JOINVILLE S MEMOIRS OF SAINT LOUIS IX. £PT. IL his arms, and on each target was a small flag with His arms likewise, of beaten gold. It was a sight worthy to be viewed when he went to sea, on account of the noise which these flags made, as well as the sounds of the drums,* horns, and Saracen nacaires, which he had in his galley. The moment bis vessel grounded on the sand, and as near as she could be brought to the land, he himself, his knights, and men-at-arms disembarked, well armed at all points, and posted themselves by our side. The count do Japhe instantly ordered his pavilions to be pitched, which when the Saracens eaw was about to be done, they again returned, spurring their horses against us ; but finding we were not any way in timidated, and that we were firmly waiting for them, they turned their backs and galloped away. On our right, the galley bearing the standard of St, Denis arrived within a crossbow-shot of us ; and it happened, that as she was touching the ground, a Saracen rode against the crew full speed. I know not why he did so, whether he con Id not stop his horse, or expected support from his coun trymen, but the poor creature was very soon destroyed and cut to pieces. When the good king St Louis learnt that the standard of St Denis was landed, he quitted his vessel, which was already close to the shore, without waiting until he could * The Saracenic horn is mentioned in the extract I have made from the roll in the Chamber of Accounts of Paris. The manuscript chronicle of Bertrand da Gueeclin mentions it likewise : — " Trompes et chalemelles et cors S&rarinois." I have already spoken of nacaires : it remains only that I say a few words respecting drums, the use of which we have also borrowed from the Saracens. The lord de Joinville shews us, that in his time they wen called tabours, which is confirmed by the romance of Garin : — " Les tabours sonnent por les chevaux lesdir." And by William Guiart in the year 1202 : — " Ne mena trompes ne tabours." Jacques Millet, in his Destruction of Troy " Faites ces trompettes sonnor, Tabours, menestriers, et clarone." Sanato, 1. 2, part 4, ch. 21, uses the word tamburhm. The Spaniards call them altambor*. Bonaventura Pistofilo, i. part, della Oplomachîa, supposes these words to have been formed from the Greek ταμ£ος9 these instruments having been invented to astonish and strike dismay ; bat it is certain that the word, as well as the use of drums, has originated with the Saracens and Arabians.