380 JOINVILLE8 ΜΕΜΟΙΒβ OF SAINT LOUIS IX. QpT.IL the country, where, after eating and drinking, we amused ourselves with songs, and led a joyous life. When Friday came, I addressed them thus :— u Gentlemen, know that I am about to go to the Holy Land, and it is uncertain whether I may ever return : should there be any of you,* therefore, to whom I have done wrong, and who thinks he has cause for complaint, let him come forward; for I am willing to make him amends, as I am accustomed to do to those who have complained of me or my people." I did this according to the usual manner of my country and my lands ; and in order that they might not be awed by wars, and are commonly called bannerets, but to whom the Spaniards give a more specific name, ricot hombret de tenera. Hier. Bianca in Comment. Ber. Arragon. often speaks of these rich men, or rather of these Spanish ricombret, who are usually styled rid nominee in Latin deeds. Many hare thought that the rieombres were tiras named in Spain from the syllable He, which is found to terminate the names of the greater part of the Gothic kings ; but I believe it more probably originates from another word which waa common to the northern nations. Rie, which is the termination of most of the names of their chieftains, signifiée rich, whence the Germane have formed the word ruck, the French rich*, and the Spanish ri co, to mark a person of opulency ; and because great lorda are commonly rich and powerful in land, they have been thus styled, besides that all who abounded in landed property did not come under tike title of ricot ombrée, for birth, fiefs, and distinguished lordships alone gave this qualification. * Those who bad put on the erosa, and were preparing for these long and troublesome expeditions to the Holy Land, were accustomed, before their departure, to settle their affairs, to make their wills, and to fix portions for their children. And as their return was very uncertain, both from the difficulties of the journey, and the hasards and perils of war, the events of which are always doubtful, they commonly performed ell such acts as those who are on the point of death usually observe ; such aa making restitution of whatever they may have seised or usurped from the church or from private persons, for the discharge of their consciences. Title-deeds abound with these restitutions made to the church by knights before the departure for the Holy Land. The lord de Joinviue, although he did not feel himself guilty of any such usurpations, yet to satisfy the duty of his conscience, made preparations, before be set out on this expedition, to repair whatever wrongs he might have done to bis neighbours, should there lie any of them that made complaint against him. Many persons imagine that the greater part of the monasteries built towards the end of the eleventh century, and in the following ones, were solely founded from the restitutions which the great lords had made prior to their undertaking expeditions to such a great