532 AXìfADS OF ROGER DE HOTEDEN. A.D.1180. John, sumamed Scot, while "William, king of the Scots, elected his chaplain Hugh, and ordered him to be consecrated by the bishops of his kingdom, in spite of the appeal made to our lord the pope by the before-named John, the bishop elect. In consequence of this, Alexander, the Supreme Pontiff, sent Alexis, subdeacon of the Church at Borne, into Scotland, to learn the merits of the controversy that existed between John, the bishop elect, and Hugh, who had been consecrated, and to put an end to the same. Upon his arrival in Scotland, after having made lengthened enquiries in presence of the clergy and the people of the kingdom, respecting the election of John and of Hugh, and the consecration of the said Hugh, and having learned that the before-named John had been canonically elected, and that Hugh, after appeal had been made to the Roman Pontiff, had been violently thrust by the king into the bishopric of Saint Andrew's, he without any hesitation deposed him from the bishopric of Saint Andrew's, and by virtue of the authority entrusted to him, condemned him to perpetual silence. The election also of John he confirmed, and caused him to be consecrated by the bishops of Scotland, the king neither forbidding nor opposing the same, indeed, rather, in conformity with the advice of the bishops of the kingdom, sanctioning it. But immediately after his consecration had taken place, the king forbade him to stay in his kingdom. On the other hand, Hugh conducted himself as a bishop none the less than before, and, taking with him the sacramental vessels that belonged to the see, and the crozier and ring, together with other things which he unlawfully withheld, departed for Bome ; on which, because he was unwilling to restore what he had carried away, Alexis excommunicated nim, and the Supreme Pontiff confirmed the sentence ; whereupon the pope wrote to the following effect to the bishops and other ecclesiastical men of the kingdom of Scotland :— The letter of pope Alexander relative to John and Hugh, the bishops of Saint Andrew's. " Alexander, the bishop, servant of the servants of God, to his venerable brethren, the whole of the bishops, and his dearly beloved sons the abbats and other prelates of churches' throughout Scotland appointed, to the prior, canons, clergy, and people of Saint Andrew's, health and the Apostolic bene»