ableness of His counsels, he has interposed an oath. For the Lord sware, saying, ' By myself have I sworn.'79 And again, 'The Lord hath sworn, and will not repent.'80 The Apostle, also, frequently made oath ; thus, 'God is my witness,'81 and ' I call God to witness.' If, then, God has sworn, an Angel sworn, an Apostle sworn, how is it right not to swear, especially where our faith is in question ? Therefore, that whieh is said in the Gospel8- and in the Epistle of James is to be deemed a piece of advice and not a precept. But, if there were no swearing, there would be no forswearing, a thing whieh is still more nearly allied to8 3 evil, that is to say, to sin or the devil, who would prompt us to swear by the creatures." Accordingly, seeing that they were also convicted on this point, they said that bishop Alberic had made an agreement with them that he would not compel them to take an oath ; which, however, the bishop of Alby denied. After this, the bishop of Alby arose, and said, "The judgment whieh Jocelyn, bishop of Lodeve, has pronounced I do confirm, and by my command the same has been pronounced. And I further warn the knights of Lombez not to give them any countenance, on penalty of the fine which they have placed in my hands. I, the abbat of Candiel, ehosen judge, do approve of this judgment, and with my assent it has been given. I, the abbat of Aire, chosen judge, do approve of this judgment, and with my assent it has been given. I, Arnold de Be, chosen judge, do approve of this judgment, and with my assent it has been given. I, Peter, bishop of Narbonne, I, Α., bishop of Nismes, I, Joeelyn, bishop of Toulouse, I, V., bishop of Agde, I, R., abbat of Saint Pontius, I, R., abbat of Saint William, I, N., abbat of Gaillac, I, —, abbat of Font-froid, I, M., mayor or Toulouse, I, G., mayor of Alby, I, N., mayor of Narbonne, I, R., archdeacon of Agde, I, G., prior of Saint Mary, I, P., abbat of Cahors, I, Master Blanc, I, Bego de Veireiras, I, Trenkevelle, viscount, I, Constance, sister of the king of France, and wife of Raymond, earl of Toulouse, and I, Sicard, viscount of Lautrec, do ratify this judgment, and do know them 7 3 Gen. xxii. 16. Isa. xlv. 23. Jer. xlix. 13. li. 14. Amos vi. 8. 8 0 Psalm ex. 4. « Rom. i. 9. St. Matt. v. 37. James v. 12. 3 3 The meaning of this passage cannot be understood : it is in a hopelessly imperfect state.