A.D. 1095. POPE URBAN PREACHES A CRUSADE. 185 with surrendered the castle. The earl, being placed in close confinement, was led to Windsor ; on •which, Morell disclosed to the king the causes of the* conspiracy taking place. In the year 1096, William, bishop of Durham, died at Windsor, the royal palace, on the fourth day before the nones of January, being the second day of the week, but was buried at Durham, in the chapter-house there, on the northern side, having on the south the body of bishop Walcher; in the middle rests the body of Turgot, formerly bishop of the Scots, and prior of that church. On the octave of the Epiphany, a council was held at Salisbury, and the king ordered William de Eu, who had been conquered in single combat, to be deprived of his eyes and his virility, and William Deandri, his sewer, his aunt's son, who had been privy to his treason, he ordered to be hanged ; earl Odo of Champagne, who was the father of the above-named Stephen, and Philip, son of Roger earl of Shrewsbury, and some others, who had a guilty knowledge of the plot, he placed in confinement. In this year, pope Urban came into France, and a synod was held at Clermont,19 during Lent. He exhorted the Christians to set out for Jerusalem, for the purpose of waging war against the Turks, Saracens, Turcopoles,19* Persians, and other pagans, who at that period had overrun Jerusalem, and, having expelled the Christians, were in possession of Judaea. Immediately after his exhortation, at the same synod, Eaymond, earl of Saint Gilles, and many others with him, assuming the emblem of the cross of Christ, engaged to undertake this pilgrimage in the cause of God, and to do what he had invited them to do : on hearing of which, other Christians in Italy, Germany, France and England, vying with each other, made preparations for the same expedition. The chiefs and leaders of these were Adimar, bishop of Puy, with a great number of other prelates, Peter the Hermit, Hugh the Great, brother to Philip, king of the Franks, Godfrey, duke of Lorraine, Stephen, count of Chartres, Robert, duke of Normandy, llobert, earl of Flanders, the two brothers of duke Godfrey, 19 This council at Clermont, in Auvergne, continued from the 18th to the 28th of November, A.D. 1095, and not in 1098. 19 * Turcopoles are supposed to have been the children of Christian mothers and Turkish fathers.