A.D. 1081. THE EMPEKOB DEPOSES POPE niLDEBBAXD. 163 above-named Gilbert, wbose life was sought, to go out of the ehurch, in order that his death might satisfy the fury of the enemy. On going out, some knights followed him close for the purpose of defending him, but being instantly attacked by the enemy on all sides with swords and lances, they were killed in an instant ; however, they spared two English thanes, in consequence of their being of the same blood with themselves. They also slew Leofwine, who had so often given the bishop adviee to their disparagement, with some others of the clergy, directly they came. out. For when the bishop understood that their fury eould by no means be appeased, unless Leofwine, the head and author of all this calamity, was elain, he begged him to go out of the church ; and when he could by no means prevail upon him to do so, the bishop himself went to the door of the church, and begged that Ms own life might be spared, and on their refusal, covered his head with the border of his garment and went out of the door, and instantly fell dead, pierced by the swords of the enemy. After Mm they ordered Leofwine to come forth, and, upon Ms refusal, set fire to the roof and walls of the church ; on wMch, preferring to finish Ms life rather by being burnt than being slain with the sword, he endured the flames for some time ; but, after he had been half roasted alive, he sallied forth, and, being cut to pieces, paid the penalty for his wickedness and died a shocking death. To avenge the horrible deaths of these persons, king William, in the same year, ravaged Northumbria, sending thither Odo, bishop of Bayeux, with a large body of soldiers. In the autumn of the same year, the same king William sent his son, Bobert, against Malcolm, king of the Scots ; but after he had proceeded as far as Egelbcrcth, he returned without completing his object, and founded Newcastle upon the river Tyne. William succeeded to the bishopric of Durham on the fifth day before the ides of November, and on the fourth day before the nones of January, was consecrated at Gloucester, by Thomas, the arehbishop of York. At Pentecost, in this year, the emperor Henry, being at Mentz, determined upon the deposition of pope fiildebrand. and, on the nativity of Saint John the Baptist, appointed Wibert, bishop of the city of Bavenna, pope in Ms stead. Ln the year 1081, the emperor Henry marched with an JI 2