ELEANORA. 853 for the tilling of the ground, together with seeds of various kinds, for the better prospering of the new state. You must know, before the king left the realm, he summoned all the barons to Paris, and there made them renew their homage and swear loyalty to his children, should any un-fortunate event happen to himself during this expedition. " Magnificent dresses were on this occasion bestowed upon all the courtiers, and the next day the cavaliers were sur-prised to find, that to every cloak a splendid gold cross had been affixed by the art of the goldsmith, thereby intimating the king's desire that they should join him in the Crusade. "It was in the month of August that we. embarked at the rock Marseilles, and the priest and clerks standing round the king, sang the beautiful hymn, ' Yeni Creator,' from the beginning to the end. "While they were singing, the mariners set their sails in the name of God, and soon, with a favorable wind, the coast disappeared from our view, and we saw nothing but the sea and sky. "We landed first at Cyprus, where we made a long stay, waiting for Count Alphonzo, who headed the reserve. Here ambassa-dors from all nations came to pay their court to the French monarch. The great Chan of Tartary paid him many fine compliments, and bade his servants say that their master was ready to assist him in delivering Jerusalem from the hands of the Saracens. The King of France sent likewise to the Chan a tent, in the form of a chapel, of fine scarlet cloth, embroidered on the inside with the mysteries of our faith. Two black monks had charge of it, and were also instructed to exhort the Tartars, and show them how they ought to put their belief in God." "Are not the Tartars of the same race as the Turks?" inquired Edward, with great curiosity. " I understand not well the genealogy of the people of the East," replied de Joinville, " but I consider Tartary as a general name for a vast country, whence have issued, at various times, certain tribes called Scythians, Hungarians, Turks, and Mongols, which have overrun the fertile prov-inces that skirt the Mediterranean." 23